Functional diagnostics in Essen
Craniomandibular dysfunction (CMD) refers to functional disorders involving the interaction between the temporomandibular joints, the musculature, and the bite. Symptoms can stem from various causes; therefore, the dental assessment begins with a functional examination.
Your first contact is a free telephone consultation. A trained member of our practice team discusses your concerns, further costs and next steps; a dentist is involved for specialist questions. A personal examination is a separate appointment arranged with you.
Potential symptoms (no remote diagnosis)
Jaw pain, limited mouth opening, tension in the chewing muscles, or noises in the temporomandibular joints may prompt an examination. Clenching or grinding, as well as changes to the teeth or existing dental restorations, are also taken into account.
A single symptom does not confirm CMD. Headaches, tinnitus, or dizziness can have various causes and are not automatically attributed to the bite. Depending on the findings, consultation with other medical specialties may be advisable.
Components of the functional examination
The functional examination encompasses the biomechanics of the temporomandibular joints, the muscles involved in chewing, tongue and lip movement, and the tooth-supporting structures and teeth themselves.
Possible steps following the examination
Treatment is determined by the findings. A conservative approach may include consultation, tailored self-directed exercises, and, if appropriate, physiotherapy. Where indicated, a custom-made occlusal splint (bite guard) may be considered. Its fit and the patient’s symptoms are monitored over time. Permanent alterations to the teeth or bite alignment are not performed based solely on a single symptom; they require a specific diagnosis and a careful assessment of the benefits and risks.
The specific steps planned for your individual case will be discussed after the examination. An overview of the comprehensive examination process can be found on the Initial Examination page.
Teeth grinding and TMD: considering the relationship and distinctions
Bruxism refers to repetitive activity of the masticatory muscles, such as clenching or grinding. It can occur while awake or during sleep. Bruxism and TMD (temporomandibular disorders) are not the same condition, though they can coexist. The causes are multifaceted; a “malocclusion” (improper bite) does not automatically explain the entire clinical picture.
The examination takes into account symptoms, physical strain, and potential consequences for the teeth and existing dental restorations. The current S3 guideline on bruxism (as of January 2026) outlines measures such as patient education, self-management strategies, and the treatment of associated symptoms.
What happens after the examination?
We discuss the objective, alternatives, and costs of the planned steps. If other medical specialties are required, further assessment is coordinated. Follow-up appointments monitor the progression of symptoms, function, and the performance of any splint being used. The treatment plan can be adjusted accordingly.
If extensive treatment is required, functional aspects are incorporated into the dental restoration and the selection of appropriate dental prostheses. The S2k guideline on occlusal splints (2024) outlines indications and limitations.
Frequently asked questions about CMD.
What is assessed during the functional examination?
This includes the temporomandibular joints, the muscles involved in chewing, tongue and lip musculature, the tooth-supporting structures, and the teeth themselves.
Do headaches or muscle tension automatically indicate CMD?
No. Such symptoms are non-specific. A dental diagnosis is not based on a single symptom alone.
Does everyone need an occlusal splint?
No. Whether a splint is appropriate—and which type is suitable—depends on the diagnosis. It may form part of a more comprehensive treatment plan and is subject to monitoring.
Do teeth need to be modified for CMD treatment?
A diagnosis of CMD (craniomandibular dysfunction) does not automatically necessitate permanent bite correction. Initially, we explore conservative, reversible options tailored to your individual needs.
This information does not replace a personal examination or individual medical advice.
Responsible for clinical content: Dr. Stefan Schmid, dentist.
Your first step: a telephone consultation
Start with a free telephone consultation. The initial examination page explains the later in-person examination. For travel information, see Directions; you can reach us by telephone on 0201 25 794.